pexels-pavel-danilyuk-1200x400

RIGHTS.AI

Children's experiences of generative artificial intelligence

The Digital Futures for Children centre (DFC), in collaboration with researchers from the EU Kids Online network and partners in four global South countries, led a child-rights-focused project exploring children’s experiences with generative artificial intelligence (GenAI).

As GenAI tools, such as chatbots and image creators, become more prevalent, it is crucial to understand how children experience and perceive these technologies and what are the implications for their rights.

RIGHTS.AI explored children’s interactions with GenAI, focusing on their expectations, fears, hopes, and imaginations while assessing the impact on their rights, creativity, and development.

Press release: GenAI and children in the global South

Publications

RightsAI overview report cover

RightsAI: findings overview

“Children around the world are increasingly using Generative AI apps. Their voices and experiences deserve to be heard – by governments responsible for respecting the children’s rights, and by the influential AI companies headquartered in the USA. Children in Brazil, Kenya, India and Thailand reported both GenAI risk and opportunities – and they had lots of recommendations for improvements.” - Sonia Livingstone, Digital Futures for Children centre.

For an overview of findings from Brazil, India, Kenya and Thailand, access the report.

 

RightsAI Brazil report cover

RightsAI: Brazil

"Children in Brazil recognise the potential of AI to support education and inclusion, but they also call for safer, age-appropriate design, clearer rules, and for safety spaces. Future research should explore how younger children interact with these technologies, ensuring that protections are effective across all ages." - Ivelise Fortim, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo.

For GenAI insights from Brazil, access the report.

 

RightsAI India report cover

RightsAI: India

“The experiences of children in our study suggest that the use of GenAI has very quickly become normalised, having been seamlessly built into many of the tools they are accustomed to using. There is little discussion in school about the ethical or safe use of GenAI, instead, its use folds into the general sense of techno-optimism that pervades Indian society.” – Usha Raman, University of Hyderabad

For GenAI insights from India, access the report.

 

RightsAI Kenya report cover

RightsAI: Kenya

"This research has given us a deeper insight into children's relationship with AI, with children explaining how they navigate the fine line between reliance and autonomy ... It has shown us that children deserve AI tools that truly meet their needs, context and culture" Jennifer Kaberi, Mtoto News.

For GenAI insights from Kenya, access the report.

 

RightsAI Thailand report cover

RightsAI: Thailand

“The discrepancies in the qualities of outputs from prompts in English and non-English languages (e.g., Thai) [...] likely undermine non-English-speaking children’s equal access to and quality of knowledge they can construct with GenAI. This deficit, in turn, undermines non-English speaking children’s right to non-discrimination and education.” – Kruakae Pothong, Digital Futures for Children centre.

For GenAI insights from Thailand, access the report.

 

 

Objectives

The project aimed to:

  • Understand children’s experiences with GenAI tools (e.g., chatbots, image/video generators).
  • Assess the implications of GenAI on children’s rights, including privacy, safety, creativity and expression.
  • Capture children’s perspectives on desired regulations and protections.
  • Provide cross-country comparative insights by integrating data from the global South with findings from European research.

Methodology

This study adopted a child centred, qualitative approach, drawing from semi-structured interviews with children aged 13-17 who use GenAI. 

  • Emphasis on diverse contexts: centring on children's experiences in global South and diverse countries, the DFC chose four contexts: Brazil, India, Kenya and Thailand. A comparative analysis was also undertaken alongside European data from the UK and 16 other countries from the EU Kids Online network.
  • Participants: 15 children per country, with balanced representation by age, gender, socioeconomic status and type of GenAI tools used.
  • Data collection: Conducted between January and March 2025, with thematic analysis of interviews.
  • Ethics: The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE, ref 439180). Child and parental consent are central to the research process.
RightsAI methodology report cover

RightsAI: Methods guide

“Children aren’t just using generative AI—they’re shaping how it works for them, turning it into a tool for problem-solving, emotional support, and learning, while actively spotting its mistakes and demanding safer, more child-centred designs.” – Mariya Stoilova, Digital Futures for Children centre.

The methods guide explains the research process in detail, providing the resources for future researchers to publish similar studies. Access the methods guide.

 

Outcomes

  • Bridging the gap in GenAI policy and advocacy by integrating children’s perspectives.
  • Providing actionable insights to inform policies that safeguard children’s rights.
  • Highlighting knowledge gaps to guide education on GenAI tools and their implications.

Other resources and publications

Our team

Our team at the Digital Futures for Children centre  -  Sonia Livingstone, Mariya Stoilova (project manager), Kim R. Sylwander and Ayça Atabey will be conducting the research in the UK. In addition, we are collaborating with partners from Brazil, India, Kenya, and the EU Kids Online network.

Ivelise Fortim

Ivelise Fortim is a professor at the Faculty of Human and Health Sciences at Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo and is the Principal Investigator for RIGHTS.AI in Brazil. She is a specialist in Jungian psychology through COGEAE-PUC-SP and in Career Counseling from Sedes Sapientiae. She is the coordinator of Janus – Laboratory of Psychology and Information and Communication Technology Studies. She is a partner at Homo Ludens Innovation and Knowledge and the president of the Institute Criança em Jogo. Senior Visiting Senior Fellow at the Department of Media and Communication, LSE.

Jennifer Kaberi

Jennifer Kaberi is the CEO and Founder of Mtoto News and the Principal Investigator for RIGHTS.AI in Kenya. She is a Member of the Technical Group working on the African Union Child Online Safety Model Law at the African Union and a Research Affiliate at Harvard's Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society. With over 17 years of experience in child development, she holds a Master's degree from Daystar University. Jennifer specialises in creating safe digital spaces for children and has contributed to developing child-focused policies across Africa.

Giovanna Mascheroni

Giovanna Mascheroni is a sociologist of digital media, and Full Professor in the Department of Communication, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Giovanna is coordinating the EU Kids Online strand of this research. Her work focuses on the social consequences of digital media, datafication and AI for children and young people, and families. She joined the EU Kids Online network in 2007 as the Italian team leader, and since 2023 has been its Vice-Coordinator. Her latest book is Datafied childhoods: Data practices and imaginaries in children’s lives, co-authored with Andra Siibak.

Kruakae-Pothong-Cropped-200x200

Kruakae Pothong is a Visiting Research Fellow in the Department of Media and Communications at LSE and a Consultant at the Digital Futures for Children centre (DFC). She is the Principal Investigator for RIGHTS.AI in Thailand. Her research focuses on AI in education, education data, and child-centred design of digital services. Her broader research intersects technologies, policies and society, spanning the areas of human-computer interaction, digital ethics, data protection, internet and other related policies.

Usha Raman

Usha Raman is a professor of media studies at the Department of Communication, University of Hyderabad and the Principal Investigator for RIGHTS.AI in India. Her research and teaching interests span children and media, digital cultures, feminist media studies, and health and science communication. She is currently serving as Vice-President of IAMCR (2020-24) and is co-founder of FemLab, a futures of work research activist collaborative. She is co-editor of a recent collection of essays, Childscape, Mediascape: Children and Media in India (Orient Blackswan, 2023).

Researchers: Chinar Mehta and Sumana Kasturi

 Header image: Photo by Pavel Danilyuk on Pexels